An Evaluation of the Inter‐Method Discrepancies in Ferromanganese Nodule Proficiency Test GeoPT 23A     

Cornelia Kriete 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(3):319-340

Round 23 of the GeoPT international proficiency testing scheme included the ferromanganese nodule powder FeMn‐1 which was distributed as an additional sample (23A). The aim of this initiative was to assess overall analytical performance for such a challenging oxide matrix with a view to the possible certification of such a material in accordance with ISO Guide requirements. To investigate inter‐method discrepancies, precision data and the method means for the most frequently used analytical methods (XRF, ICP‐MS and ICP‐AES) and sample preparation techniques were calculated and then compared using statistical tests of equivalence. For most major elements, XRF and ICP‐AES data dominated and these were found to give equivalent results. In contrast, for most trace elements significant discrepancies were detected between data obtained by different analytical methods. Possible causes are discussed with a view to attributing their origin to calibration strategy, sensitivity or interferences. It is assumed that the unusual oxide matrix generated unexpected interferences and thus method bias. Discrepancies observed between data from different analytical methods provide valuable information for the participating analysts, helping them to avoid systematic errors and thus minimising bias. They also suggest actions necessary to improve results for any future certification of such a material.  相似文献   

太平洋铁锰结核与富Co结壳的矿物地球化学比较研究     

赵广涛  何雨旸  陈淳  李德平  徐翠玲  陆建国  吴晓 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(5):85-93

本文对采自东太平洋CC区的2块不同类型的铁锰结核及中太平洋麦哲伦海山的1块富Co结壳,采用XRD和ICP-MS(AES)等分析研究方法,进行了矿物地球化学的比较研究。结果表明:铁锰结核主要由水羟锰矿及钡镁锰矿组成,富Co结壳主要以水羟锰矿为主。与2块铁锰结核相比,富Co结壳总体上Cu、Al、Na含量较低而Co含量较高;两块不同类型的结核相比较,水成型铁锰结核的P、Ti含量较高,而成岩型铁锰结核的Cu、Ni含量较高。3块样品的稀土元素含量均较高,为(521.8~1 424.15)×10-6。REE分布型式总体呈平缓型,(La/Yb)N为0.72~1.01,并具程度不同的Ce、Eu正异常。经估算,富Co结壳的生长速率为1.92~4.24mm/Ma,水成型铁锰结核的生长速率为1.31~14.29 mm/Ma,成岩型铁锰结核的生长速率为11.24~76.32mm/Ma。并根据铁锰结核的化学成分变化推测了其生长环境的变化。  相似文献   

Ocean manganese nodules as stromatolite with a fractal like-signature     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2013

Deep-sea manganese (Mn) nodules are problematic in terms of factors such as their characteristic form and genesis. There are many reports of bacterial species from manganese nodules. However, the genesis of these nodules has not been fully confirmed. Samples, mainly from the Clarion Clipperton Fracture zone in the Pacific Ocean, were examined by mineralogical methods and X-ray CT. Thin sections of these samples showed columnar stromatolite structures with rhythmic bands. Mineralized bacteria were observed by SEM and TEM. Surface morphology could be described as having a fractal-like nature. The fractal characteristics of spherical to dome-like forms were fundamentally composed of at least four ranks. The 4th order form corresponds to the stromatolite dome top shapes. Similar granular domain units and porous characteristics in manganese nodules were clearly observed by X-ray CT sections. Mathematical simulation based on fractal models reproduced similar morphological characteristics to the natural samples. So, we arrived at the concluding hypothesis that manganese nodules are aggregated stromatolite with fractal-like characteristics. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility that the nature of the layer manganese oxide minerals as the major component of the nodule and associated Fe-oxyhydroxide minerals may become an absorber/scavenger of strategic heavy metals and also toxic metals in the environments.  相似文献   

日本西南部四国增生复合体中的锰矿分布     

Masaharu NAKAGAWA 《地球学报》2012,33(S1):50-54

Bedded manganese ore deposits occur in many localities within the accretionary belts of the Shikoku region, SW Japan. The deposits occur mostly in bedded chert or its metamorphosed equivalent. These chert-hosted manganese deposits are considered to have been manganese nodule/crust-bearing siliceous sediments on deep-sea floor and have been converted to manganese ores by low-grade metamorphism through subduction-accretion process. The mineral assemblages of the ores reflect the metamorphic grade of the accretionary complexes. On the other hand, iron-manganese deposits and some manganese deposits occurring directly over basalt are considered to have been the hydrothermal precipitates associated with submarine volcanism.  相似文献   

深海扬矿系统中颗粒过泵回流试验研究     

王英杰  阳宁  金星 《海洋工程》2012,30(2):100-104

两相流过泵回流试验是模拟水力提升系统紧急停泵情况下垂直管道中颗粒运动状态,紧急停泵时,可能会出现堵管、难于输送等现象。为提高管道水力输送安全性,采用三种不同的模拟结核颗粒(粒径分别为d≤10 mm,d≤20 mm,d≤50 mm),两种不同浓度(CV=5%,CV=8%),在两级泵额定流量Q=420 m3/h条件下进行了过泵回流试验,分析了试验结果,从多个方面总结了堵管原因。认为实际工程中应该严格控制颗粒上限粒径,采用合适的颗粒级配,并对管道定期进行清洗,尽量减少管道的大角度转弯和断面突变。  相似文献   

First Phase Monitoring Studies of Simulated Benthic Disturbance Delineating Movement of Fine Particles in the Central Indian Basin     

A. B. Valsangkar 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):357-371

Benthic disturbance due to future deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining would involve expensive sediment plume generation and resedimentation on the sea floor. In order to evaluate the effects of resedimentation on benthic environment, the Indian Deep-sea Environment Experiment (INDEX) was conducted in 1997, and pre-, and post-disturbance studies on grain size were carried out. The initial increase in clay content after the experiment, continued to increase further as measured in the first monitoring phase samples, 44 months later. Increase in clay-sized particles during monitoring-l (M-l) was highest within the simulated (disturbed) zone and to the north of it, which is attributed to the combined effects of disaggregation, abrasion, and powderization of sediments during transportation. Due to this fractionation (breaking up), the particles appear to have remained in suspension over a prolonged period of time after they were discharged in the water column 5 m above the seabed during INDEX. The travel effects of INDEX plume appears to be localized and confined within and around the disturbed zone (DZ) as resettlement of fine particles from the benthic plume was traced up to 2 km south and 12 to 18 km north of the DZ. The evidence does not suggest the existence of strong currents and benthic storms in the CIB  相似文献   

肺部孤立性小结节病变的CT表现及鉴别诊断     

苏冬  张巨武  陈孝柏  温廷国 《CT理论与应用研究》2004,13(1):25-28

目的讨论肺部小结节的良恶性病变的影像表现及鉴别诊断. 材料与方法搜集经手术证实的肺部小结节病变共17例(直径〈3.0cm〉,男性11例,女性6例,年龄38-83岁,平均63.2岁.采用PQ5000螺旋CT机进行螺旋扫描,7例进行增强扫描,其中5例进行三维重建结果 17例病变中恶性病例12例,良性病例5例,恶性病变中腺癌8例,鳞癌2例,转移癌2例,良性病变中结核3例,炎性结节2例CT征象包括分叶征14例,胸膜凹陷征7例,血管集束征8例,毛刺征14例,密度不均匀者13例.结论 CT扫描对于鉴别肺部良恶性小结节病灶有重要价值.  相似文献   

南海多金属结壳(核)铁锰矿物/海水界面效应与成矿元素的富集   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

关瑶  孙晓明  蒋晓东  萨日娜  周莉  黄毅  刘亚婷  李晓洁  路镕菲  王驰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(6):34-46

海底铁锰结壳和结核是重要的海底矿产资源,蕴含着丰富的金属元素并且具有巨大的经济价值。本文主要以南海多金属结壳（核）为研究对象,采用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析（FTIR）以及X射线光电子能谱对铁锰矿物的矿物学和谱学特征进行了系统的分析和研究。粉晶衍射和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,南海多金属结壳的矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英和长石,结核的矿物组成为钡镁锰矿、水羟锰矿、石英和长石,铁相矿物均为无定形铁氧化物/氢氧化物,并且锰相矿物和铁相矿物的结晶程度均较差。红外光谱分析结果显示多金属结核和结壳中的铁锰矿物具有大量表面羟基,这些含质子表面羟基官能团,可为海水中各成矿元素的络合提供丰富的活性位点。XPS分析表明多金属结核和结壳中铁锰矿物表面以Fe、Mn和O元素为主,其中Fe呈正三价态,Mn以正四、正三价为主,可能还含有少部分正二价态。对比南海多金属结壳（核）与太平海山结壳,南海多金属结壳（核）具有更为显著的表面羟基氧（-OH）含量,而太平洋海山结壳则以晶格氧（O^2-）为主,表明太平洋海山结壳铁锰矿物结晶程度较南海多金属结壳（核）高。综合研究表明,在海底铁锰结壳和结核中（氢）氧化锰/铁矿物与海水之间界面效应对金属离子的富集机理主要有：（1）金属离子与矿物表面羟基进行络合反应,形成以配位键相连的羟基络合物,或与表面的质子交换生成稳定的内层络合物;（2）矿物的带电表面与金属离子通过静电作用形成双电层,生成外层络合物;（3）金属离子与矿物结构中的Mn、Fe离子同晶置换而成为结构阳离子。  相似文献   

Iolite软件处理LA-ICP-MS线扫描数据适用性研究   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

朱碧  朱志勇  吕苗  杨涛 《岩矿测试》2017,36(1):14-21

LA-ICP-MS分析技术是获取矿物/岩石内部的元素和同位素成分变化的重要手段。在利用该技术对地质样品进行线/面扫描时,仪器输出的初始数据量远远大于点分析,数据的处理和计算是一个关键问题。本文以磷质结核样品为例,阐述了利用Iolite软件进行元素线扫描数据计算的主要过程,包括背景信号的扣除、标准物质信号的拟合、线分析数据的导出等。借助软件自带的分段导出功能,对不同时间和空间分辨率下采集数据得到的结果进行了比较。研究表明Iolite能有效处理线分析数据,分析结果与前人用传统化学全岩法测定得到的元素含量范围相当。对比不同空间分辨率下(10μm、50μm、100μm)获取的数据发现:相对于选用的束斑直径(40μm),在分辨率过小(10μm)或过大(100μm)的条件下获得的数据存在数据波动大以及细节不足等缺陷;而当分辨率(50μm)与选用的束斑直径接近时,数据质量得到最大优化。本研究展示了Iolite软件在处理线扫描数据方面具有很好的应用前景,通过分辨率的选取可实现数据的优化。  相似文献   

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素环境意义讨论          下载免费PDF全文

金雅琪  苗甜  路珂珂  杨雁鹏  粱孔秋  陈忠  宋垠先 《盐湖研究》2021,29(1)

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素广泛应用于第四纪气候环境变化的研究中,以往的大多数研究中无论是利用钙结核、次生碳酸盐还是成壤碳酸盐,认为其反映了C4植物的丰度。黄土高原碳酸盐碳同位素表现为黄土层高,古土壤层中低,即黄土层中C4植物丰度高于古土壤层。然而,这样的结果和黄土有机碳同位素得到的结果矛盾,有机碳同位素的结果表明温度对C4植物的分布起到了决定性作用。由于有机碳同位素对植物类型的反映更为直接而可靠,因此碳酸盐碳同位素反映C4植物丰度存在疑问。对黄土高原黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的系统概括后认为,第四纪期间黄土碳酸盐碳同位素与C4植物有直接联系,但C4植物丰度不是唯一决定性的因素,碳酸盐碳同位素的指示意义存在复杂性。在黄土高原地区,植被发育程度、与大气CO2交换程度、植被本身的碳同位素值的变化以及原生碳酸盐的影响等因素都会对碳酸盐碳同位素产生影响。由黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的讨论可延伸到不同土壤碳酸盐碳同位素揭示的环境指示意义,不同的土壤环境,其气候条件、植被类型及发育程度、大气CO2的交换情况、微生物的活动及土壤次生碳酸盐受原生碳酸盐溶解的影响等因素都会对碳同位素产生不同程度影响,哪种或哪几种因素产生主要作用,在不同区域土壤环境中是不一样的。具体研究中需确定影响的核心因素,才能确定碳同位素的环境指示意义。  相似文献